{"id":18019,"date":"2020-05-22T11:46:32","date_gmt":"2020-05-22T10:46:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/?p=18019"},"modified":"2020-05-22T11:46:32","modified_gmt":"2020-05-22T10:46:32","slug":"covid-19-pandemien-har-endret-var-mate-a-jobbe-pa-hvordan-pavirker-dette-kvinnelige-kontra-mannlige-forskere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/nb_no\/2020\/05\/22\/covid-19-pandemien-har-endret-var-mate-a-jobbe-pa-hvordan-pavirker-dette-kvinnelige-kontra-mannlige-forskere\/","title":{"rendered":"[:no]Covid-19 pandemien har endret v\u00e5r m\u00e5te \u00e5 jobbe p\u00e5. Hvordan p\u00e5virker dette kvinnelige kontra mannlige forskere?[:en]The covid-19 epidemic has changed our way of working. How is this affecting female versus male researchers?[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"

[:no]\"\"<\/a>Forel\u00f8pige data diskutert i en fersk artikkel i Nature<\/em> (10.1038 \/ d41586-020-01294-9) indikerer at kvinnelige akademikere legger ut f\u00e6rre artikler p\u00e5 ikke-fagfellevurderte nettsteder og starter f\u00e6rre forskningsprosjekter enn sine mannlige kollegaer.<\/p>\n

Covid-19 endrer m\u00e5ten forskning blir gjort p\u00e5. Verdensomspennende stengning av universiteter og institusjoner betyr at mange hjem over natten er blitt et skj\u00e6ringspunkt mellom arbeid, skole og husholdning. Nye mekanismer for raskere fagfellevurdering, \u00f8kt mengde og hastighet p\u00e5 tilgjengelighet av data, og fordelingen av finansiering p\u00e5 tvers av sektorer, endrer likevekten i den akademiske verdenen. Vi m\u00e5 derfor ta hensyn til effektene dette har p\u00e5 ulikhetene. Hva skjer n\u00e5r et par er hjemme? Forverrer det kj\u00f8nnsulikheten? I en kommentar i Nature<\/em> (doi: 10.1038 \/ d41586-020-01135-9) i en tidlig fase av pandemien, foreslo Alessandra Minello at det p\u00e5virker produktiviteten til kvinnelige akademikere uforholdsmessig, fordi de ofte har flere omsorgsoppgaver enn menn.<\/p>\n

Megan Frederickson, en \u00f8kolog ved University of Toronto som selv har v\u00e6rt i covid-19-karantene, gransket ikke-fagfellevurderte nettsteder for \u00e5 unders\u00f8ke om kvinner la ut f\u00e6rre studier enn f\u00f8r nedstengningen (https:\/\/github.com\/drfreder\/pandemic-pub -bias \/ klump \/ master \/ README.md). Fagfellevurdering tar tid, det er fremdeles for tidlig \u00e5 se effekten av covid-19 p\u00e5 antall tidsskriftsartikler publisert av kvinnelige kontra mannlige akademikere. Imidlertid gj\u00f8r et \u00f8kende antall akademikere sine innsendte eller p\u00e5g\u00e5ende manuskripter tilgjengelige p\u00e5 ikke-fagfellevurderte nettsteder, noe som betyr at det kan v\u00e6re mulig \u00e5 m\u00e5le pandemiens effekt p\u00e5 forh\u00e5ndsutskriftsinnleveringer i sanntid. Hun s\u00e5 p\u00e5 arXiv<\/em> (fysisk vitenskap), og bioRxiv<\/em> (livsvitenskap) for \u00e5 bestemme kj\u00f8nn p\u00e5 studier som ble lagt ut mellom 15. mars og 15. april i 2019 og i 2020. Antallet kvinner som ansvarlig forfatter p\u00e5 artikler p\u00e5 arXiv<\/em> \u00f8kte med 2,7% fra 2019 til 2020 – men antallet mannlige forfattere vokste med 6,4% i samme periode. Tallene for bioRxiv<\/em> var henholdsvis 24,2% og 26%. En lignende trend ble funnet i en annen studie som inkluderte ni popul\u00e6re ikke-fagfellevurderte nettsteder (https:\/\/www.natureindex.com\/news-blog\/decline-women-scientist-research-publishing-production-coronavirus-pandemic). Konklusjonen er at kvinners publiseringsrate har falt i forhold til menns s\u00e5 langt i pandemien.<\/p>\n

I en studie av informasjonsforskeren Cassidy Sugimoto ved Indiana University Bloomington som unders\u00f8kte tre nettsteder der forskere rapporterer nye studier (inklusive ClinicalTrial.gov), var det en nedgang i andelen rapporter fra kvinnelige forskningsledere fra mars og april 2019 til de samme m\u00e5nedene i 2020, da nedstengningen startet. Kvinner har alts\u00e5 registrert en mindre andel av nye forskningsprosjekter enn f\u00f8r pandemien.<\/p>\n

Hva kan \u00e5rsakene til denne effekten v\u00e6re? \u00d8kt husarbeid og barnepass er sannsynligvis de viktigste \u00e5rsakene. Dessuten tar kvinner oftere vare p\u00e5 p\u00e5r\u00f8rende som har skrantende helse. Den plutselige overgangen til nettbasert undervisning kan bety mer arbeid for kvinner, ettersom de i gjennomsnitt sannsynligvis har flere undervisningsforpliktelser enn menn, mens nedstengningen av universitetene kanskje frigj\u00f8r mer tid for menn til \u00e5 skrive artikler, ettersom de oftere har forpliktelser innen komitearbeid mm.<\/p>\n

Hva kan gj\u00f8res for \u00e5 dempe denne effekten? V\u00e5rt vitenskapelige milj\u00f8 krever deltakelse fra alle medlemmene i befolkningen; en krise krever at vi utnytter det intelligente potensialet til hele befolkningen. Ettersom effektene og pandemien sannsynligvis vil vare ved lenge, m\u00e5 vi vurdere hvordan evalueringssystemene og ressursfordelingsmekanismene tar hensyn til ulikhetene i arbeidsfordeling for kvinner. Vi m\u00e5 lage infrastrukturer slik at alle deler av befolkningen kan delta, og \u00e5 erkjenne systematiske forskjeller i deres evne til \u00e5 gj\u00f8re det.<\/p>\n

Ha en riktig god helg!<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>[:en]\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Early analyses discussed in a recent article in Nature<\/em> (10.1038\/d41586-020-01294-9<\/em>) suggest that female academics are posting fewer preprints and starting fewer research projects than their male peers.<\/p>\n

COVID-19 is changing the way research is done. World-wide lockdowns mean that, overnight, many households worldwide have become an intersection of work, school, and home life. The new mechanisms of accelerated peer review, the increased quantity and speed of available data, and the distribution of funding across sectors are changing the equilibria of the academic world. We therefore need to pay attention to the effects this has on disparities. What happens when a couple is at home? Is it exacerbating gender inequality? In a commentary in Nature (doi: 10.1038\/d41586-020-01135-9<\/em>) very early during the pandemic, Alessandra Minello suggested it is disproportionately affecting the productivity of female academics, because they often do more caregiving than men.<\/p>\n

Megan Frederickson, an ecologist at the University of Toronto being COVID-19-quarantined herself, looked at preprint servers to investigate whether women were posting fewer studies than they were before lockdowns began (https:\/\/github.com\/drfreder\/pandemic-pub-bias\/blob\/master\/README.md<\/a>).\u00a0Peer review takes time, it is still too soon to see COVID-19\u2019s effects on the numbers of journal articles published by female versus male academics. However, a growing number of academics make their submitted or in-progress manuscripts available on preprint servers, meaning it might be possible to measure the pandemic\u2019s effect on preprint submissions in real time. She looked at arXiv<\/em> (physical sciences), and bioRxiv<\/em> (life sciences) to determine the gender of studies posted between March 15 and April 15 in 2019 and in 2020. The number of women who authored preprints at arXiv<\/em> increased by 2.7% from 2019 to 2020 \u2014 but the number of male authors grew by 6.4% over the same period. The numbers for bioRxiv<\/em> were 24.2% vs. 26%. A similar trend was found in a separate study including nine popular preprint servers (https:\/\/www.natureindex.com\/news-blog\/decline-women-scientist-research-publishing-production-coronavirus-pandemic<\/a>). Thus, women\u2019s publishing rate has fallen relative to men\u2019s amid the pandemic.<\/p>\n

In another study by the information scientist Cassidy Sugimoto at Indiana University Bloomington on three registered-report repositories including ClinicalTrial.gov<\/em>, there was a decrease in the proportion of submissions by female principal investigators from March and April of 2019 to the same months in 2020, when lockdowns started. Hence, women are registering a smaller proportion of new research projects than before the pandemic.<\/p>\n

What are the likely causes for this effect? Increased household labor and childcare responsibility are probably the major reasons. Also, women more often take care of ailing relatives. The sudden shift to online teaching might mean more work for women as they in average probably have more teaching commitments than men, while the shutdown of the universities might free more time for men to write papers as they more often have non-research commitments.<\/p>\n

What can be done to mitigate this effect? Our scientific environment requires the participation of all members of the population; a crisis requires that we draw from the intellect of the full population. As the effects and the pandemic are likely to linger, we must consider how our evaluation systems and resource allocation mechanisms take into account the inequities in labor distribution for women. We need to create infrastructures to allow for all populations to participate, and to acknowledge systematic differences in their ability to do so.<\/p>\n

Enjoy your week-end!\"\"<\/a>[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[:no]Forel\u00f8pige data diskutert i en fersk artikkel i Nature (10.1038 \/ d41586-020-01294-9) indikerer at kvinnelige akademikere legger ut f\u00e6rre artikler p\u00e5 ikke-fagfellevurderte nettsteder og starter f\u00e6rre forskningsprosjekter enn sine mannlige kollegaer. Covid-19 endrer m\u00e5ten forskning blir gjort p\u00e5. Verdensomspennende stengning…<\/p>\n

Read more →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4575,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39969],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ukens-leder"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/nb_no\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18019","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/nb_no\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/nb_no\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/nb_no\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4575"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/nb_no\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18019"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/nb_no\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18019\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18027,"href":"https:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/nb_no\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18019\/revisions\/18027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/nb_no\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/nb_no\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/k2info.w.uib.no\/nb_no\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}